The Relationship Between Glucose Intolerance and Prediabetes

Since 2015, Dr. Rex Mahnensmith has treated patients as an internal medicine physician at StayWell Health Center in Waterbury, Connecticut. Dr. Rex Mahnensmith previously served as a full-time geriatric physician from 2014 to 2015 with Genesis Physician Services and was the clinical director of nephrology at the Yale School of Medicine from 1992 to 2014. Dr. Mahnensmith has received numerous awards as a professor and researcher and is the author of more than 20 original articles, many of which focus on kidney disease.

One of the common causes of kidney disease is diabetes mellitus, a condition involving poor blood glucose control. However, before diabetes develops patients may experience glucose intolerance.

Glucose intolerance occurs when the blood sugar remains above 100 mg/dL for more than two hours after eating or drinking or if it rises above 140 mg/dL. It occurs when the cells and tissues are unable to use ingested glucose to produce energy due to insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production within the body. People with diabetes mellitus also experience insulin resistance and reduced insulin production, but to a much greater extent than people with glucose intolerance.

Glucose intolerance is considered a prediabetic condition, since 25 to 50 percent of people with the condition will eventually develop diabetes. Prediabetes has been associated with reduced life span and health complications including organ dysfunction, eye disease, and cardiovascular problems.

How Obesity Impacts the Body

Dr. Rex Mahnensmith is an internal medicine physician with Stay Well Health Center in Waterbury, Connecticut. A graduate of the Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Rex Mahnensmith is familiar with common health conditions and their impact on the body, including obesity.

Obesity is a medical condition defined by a body mass index (BMI) that equates to more than 30 kilograms of body weight per square meter of height. A person with a BMI of between 25 and 30 kilograms, meanwhile, is considered overweight. An individual's BMI can be calculated by dividing his or her weight in pounds by height in inches squared, then multiplying that number by 703. Medical professionals believe a person’s optimal body weight should fall between 19 and 24 kilograms per square meter of height.

Any individual classified as obese is at risk for a wide range of health conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and progressive atherosclerosis. Furthermore, obesity puts constant pressure on a person’s heart and lungs. Existing health conditions, such as coronary heart disease and various arthritic conditions, can be exacerbated by obesity. 

An obese individual who decreases their weight by just 10 percent will notice measurable health benefits. To learn more about the impact of obesity on the body and how to address the situation, individuals should reach out to an experienced physician.

Annals of Vascular Surgery Publishes Telemedicine Study

A Yale-educated physician who completed a dual internship and residency in internal medicine at the Yale-New Haven Medical Center, Dr. Rex Mahnensmith has treated patients at Waterbury, Connecticut’s StayWell Health Center since 2015. One of Dr. Rex Mahnensmith’s areas of professional interest is telemedicine.

A recent study in the Annals of Vascular Surgery established a link between telemedicine access and overall patient satisfaction. Titled, "Results of Telehealth Electronic Monitoring for Post Discharge Complications and Surgical Site Infections Following Arterial Revascularization with Groin Incision," this study concentrated on patients in the Appalachia region in the wake of a specific form of cardiovascular surgery.

West Virginia University School of Medicine professor and leading researcher Albeir Mousa worked with 30 participants and supplied 16 of them with the telemedicine app Enform. When compared to the 14 participants who didn’t receive the app, the Enform app users experienced fewer limitations due to health problems and received higher scores when it came to overall physical function and mental health. Roughly 90 percent of patients also claimed that access to telemedicine boosted their overall quality of care.

The Prediabetic Health Impact of Glucose Intolerance

Dr. Rex Mahnensmith is a respected Waterbury, Connecticut, physician who treats chronic kidney disease cases at the StayWell Health Center. In a paper authored by Dr. Rex Mahnensmith, he examined glucose intolerance as a prediabetic condition.

Utilized by human tissues in generating energy, glucose is ready to absorb through the blood stream once it is broken down by the intestines from starches. Following absorption, glucose is transported to specific cells, tissues, and organs with the assistance of insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas. The secretion of the glucose ­transport hormone insulin is triggered by glucose surges in the bloodstream. 

Glucose intolerance arises when glucose levels rise above 140 mg/dL or stay at a level higher than 100 mg/dL for more than two hours following ingestion. With the body unable to tolerate the load of glucose placed on it within a specific timeframe, the glucose ingested is not utilized completely by tissues and cells for production of energy. 

Glucose intolerance is tied to the development of diabetes mellitus in many patients and has serious ramifications. The reason for this has to do with the way in which glucose molecules unused for energy production ultimately bind toxically with blood vessel walls and cell membranes, and result in adverse reactions and microscopic scarring.

Fructose, Glucose and the Danger of Glycation Reactions

Based in Waterbury, Connecticut, Dr. Rex Mahnensmith is an internist who practices with StayWell Health Center. Having lectured extensively on issues such as kidney disease, Dr. Rex Mahnensmith authored the article “Glucose Becomes A Toxic Molecule in Prediabetes and Diabetes.”

Focusing on an element of diet typically consumed in starchy plants such as corn, potatoes, yams, wheat, and rice, Dr. Mahnensmith describes chain-bound glucose as distinct from sucrose, which chemically combines fructose and glucose within a two ­molecule compound. Sucrose is found in numerous fruits, vegetables, and other plants, including beets and sugarcane. 

When ingested, sucrose is split into its fructose and glucose components. The glucose is rapidly absorbed through the intestinal tract to the bloodstream and provides a ready energy source for a variety of tissue and cell functions. This process takes less than a day and results in cells stocking up with energy that is either consumed through activity or stored for future use as glycogen starch.

By contrast, fructose is not absorbed readily. In cases where it is bonded with cellulose, it passes through the intestinal system and is finally eliminated. In cases of bloodstream absorption, it enters the liver and is turned into fat cells that serve as an “energy depot of last resort” when glycogen starch is used up by the body 

Where glucose becomes harmful - and often serves as an indicator of prediabetes - is when it is not transported to tissue cells efficiently. Oxygen and other circulating reactive molecules ultimately cause the glucose molecules to undergo a molecular structure change while still in the bloodstream, leading to random glycation reactions that impact tissue and organ structures adversely.

Chronic Kidney Disease - Causes and Risk Factors

Drawing on over 30 years of medical experience, Dr. Rex Mahnensmith has served patients at the StayWell Health Center in Waterbury, Connecticut, since 2015. Dr. Rex Mahnensmith has experience treating a number of significant health conditions, including chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease, or chronic kidney failure, is the medical term used to describe the gradual loss of proper kidney function. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition that can culminate in a patient requiring life-saving kidney dialysis. While the effects of the disease can be mitigated and managed, particularly with early intervention, individuals should do everything in their power to maintain healthy kidney function.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes represents one of the most common diseases that places excess stress on the kidneys. Other diseases that pose a similar threat include polycystic kidney disease, interstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis, and vesicoureteral reflux. Physical injuries or conditions can also lead to chronic kidney disease, such as an extended blockage of the urinary tract.

Finally, a variety of risk factors can elevate a person’s chances of developing chronic kidney disease. In addition to diabetes, individuals living with cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop chronic kidney disease than those with regular blood pressure levels. Smoking, obesity, and advanced age are also risk factors.

Potential Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease

Dr. Rex Mahnensmith joined the StayWell Health Center in Waterbury, Connecticut, as an internal medicine physician in 2015. In this position, Dr. Rex Mahnensmith primarily diagnoses and treats patients living with chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), sometimes referred to as chronic kidney failure, is the gradual and consistent loss of proper kidney functions, a condition that can lead to dangerous levels of fluid, electrolyte, and waste build up throughout the body. Treatment of CKD involves identifying the cause of kidney failure and taking the appropriate steps to mitigate further damage.

In the early stages, symptoms and signs of CKD can be hard to pinpoint. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience any number of non-specific symptoms, including changes in sleeping patterns, impaired mental acuity, nausea and vomiting, and hypertension. Fluid build ups in certain parts of the body can trigger additional symptoms. For example, build ups around the lining of the heart can result in chest pain, while shortness of breath may indicate fluid build-ups in the lungs.

Individuals who feel they may be living with symptoms of kidney disease should reach out to a trusted medical professional for further testing.